Spandex Vs Microfiber: Learn the Difference

Two popular synthetic fabrics stand out for their unique properties and versatile applications: spandex and microfiber.

Spandex, prized for its exceptional elasticity, provides unparalleled stretch and shape retention, making it a preferred choice for tight-fitting activewear and undergarments.

On the other hand, microfiber, known for its ultra-fine fibers and softness, offers a luxurious and comfortable experience, finding use in clothing, towels, and cleaning cloths.

This introduction sets the stage for exploring the key differences between spandex and microfiber, shedding light on their composition, uses, textures, and environmental impact, among other aspects.

Key Differences Between Spandex and Microfiber

Composition

• Spandex: Spandex is a polyether-polyurea copolymer fabric renowned for its exceptional elasticity. It is not a brand name but a generic term used for fabrics made from this polymer. Spandex fibers can stretch several times their original length and return to their original shape without losing integrity. This elasticity makes it suitable for use in tight-fitting garments like activewear, swimwear, and undergarments.
• Microfiber: Microfiber is a synthetic fabric composed of ultra-fine fibers with diameters generally less than 10 micrometers. It is not inherently elastic but offers a soft and flexible texture. The tiny fibers give microfiber its exceptional softness, making it gentle on the skin. Microfiber is versatile and widely used in various applications, including clothing, cleaning cloths, towels, beddings, and upholstery due to its absorbency and cleaning properties.

Elasticity

• Spandex: Spandex is renowned for its remarkable elasticity, making it one of the most sought-after fabrics for garments that require stretch and flexibility. It can elongate up to several times its original length and return to its initial shape without losing its integrity. The secret lies in its unique molecular structure, which allows the polymer chains to stretch and then retract back to their original position.
• Microfiber: Unlike spandex, microfiber does not possess inherent elasticity. Instead, it is characterized by its softness and flexibility. Microfiber fabrics are made from ultra-fine fibers, typically with diameters measuring less than 10 micrometers. Although not inherently stretchy like spandex, the fine fibers lend a gentle and pliable quality to microfiber fabrics.

Usage

• Spandex: Due to its exceptional elasticity, spandex is predominantly used in garments that require stretch and shape retention. Its ability to accommodate various body shapes and movements makes it ideal for activewear, dancewear, yoga pants, and sports bras. In swimwear, spandex ensures a secure and form-fitting fit that remains comfortable during water-based activities.
• Microfiber: Microfiber’s usage spans a wide array of products beyond clothing. Its softness and moisture-wicking properties make it popular for towels, bathrobes, and beddings. Additionally, microfiber cleaning cloths are highly effective at dusting and cleaning due to their fine fibers and larger surface area, which traps dirt and dust particles efficiently.

Fiber Diameter

• Spandex: The fiber diameter is not a prominent aspect of spandex, as its elasticity is not determined by fiber thickness. Instead, its stretchy nature is attributed to the unique molecular structure of the polyether-polyurea copolymer.
• Microfiber: Microfiber is characterized by its ultra-fine fibers, with diameters typically measuring less than 10 micrometers. This fineness contributes to the fabric’s softness and smooth texture, enhancing its comfort and suitability for sensitive skin.

Denier Weight

• Spandex: Denier weight is not a relevant measure for spandex, as its elastic properties are not determined by denier count. Instead, spandex is valued for its ability to stretch and recover regardless of its denier weight.
• Microfiber: Microfiber’s denier weight is typically under 0.7 D, making it one of the finest forms of textile fiber in the world. Comparatively, a single strand of silk is around 1 D, highlighting the ultra-fine nature of microfiber. This fineness contributes to its softness and lightweight feel, making it an excellent choice for comfortable and breathable clothing and textiles.

Softness

• Spandex: Spandex is not primarily known for its softness, as its main feature is elasticity. The fabric tends to have a smooth texture, but it may not provide the same level of softness as other materials like cotton or microfiber. However, spandex is often blended with other fabrics to enhance comfort and softness while maintaining its stretchy properties.
• Microfiber: Microfiber is renowned for its exceptional softness, making it a sought-after fabric for various applications. The ultra-fine fibers in microfiber fabrics create a delicate and velvety feel against the skin. This softness is especially appreciated in clothing items like shirts, dresses, and loungewear, where comfort and luxurious texture are desired.

Moisture Management

• Spandex: Moisture management is not a primary feature of spandex. While it can wick away some moisture due to its elasticity and close fit to the body, its main function is to provide stretch and shape retention. In high-performance sportswear, spandex is often combined with moisture-wicking fabrics to create garments that offer both stretch and effective moisture management.
• Microfiber: Microfiber excels in moisture management due to its fine fibers and the large surface area they create. The fibers have excellent moisture-wicking capabilities, pulling sweat away from the skin and allowing it to evaporate quickly. This property makes microfiber an ideal choice for activewear, workout clothing, and towels, as it helps keep the wearer dry and comfortable during physical activities or in humid conditions.

Absorbency

• Spandex: Spandex itself is not highly absorbent, as its main function is elasticity. When used in garments, it may retain some moisture, but its absorbent properties are limited compared to other fabrics like cotton or microfiber.
• Microfiber: Microfiber is highly absorbent due to its fine fibers, which can trap and hold water molecules effectively. As a result, microfiber towels are commonly used in the kitchen, bathroom, and for cleaning purposes. In activewear, microfiber’s absorbency helps keep the skin dry during workouts by wicking away sweat.

Cleaning Properties

• Spandex: Spandex is not specifically chosen for its cleaning properties, as its primary function is elasticity in garments. However, it is often blended with other fabrics in cleaning attire, such as sportswear or leggings for physical activities.
• Microfiber: Microfiber is exceptional for cleaning purposes. The fine fibers in microfiber fabrics create a larger surface area, enabling them to pick up and trap dust, dirt, and debris more effectively than traditional cleaning cloths. This makes microfiber an excellent choice for dusting, wiping surfaces, and cleaning various items, including electronic screens and eyeglasses.

Applications

• Spandex: Spandex finds its main applications in stretchy clothing items like activewear, sportswear, swimwear, and undergarments. Its elasticity ensures a snug fit and allows for unrestricted movement during physical activities.
• Microfiber: Microfiber has a wide range of applications beyond clothing. It is used in towels, bathrobes, beddings, and upholstery due to its softness and absorbency. Additionally, microfiber cleaning cloths and mops are highly valued for their effectiveness in cleaning tasks. In the fashion industry, microfiber is utilized in lightweight, breathable clothing items and activewear, especially when moisture-wicking and comfort are essential.

Brand Name

• Spandex: Spandex is not a brand name but a generic term used to refer to fabrics made from the polyether-polyurea copolymer. Various manufacturers produce spandex fabrics, and it is widely available under different brand names in the market.
• Microfiber: Microfiber is also not a brand name but a specific type of fabric made from ultra-fine fibers. Like spandex, microfiber is produced by different manufacturers and is available under various brand names for different products.

Durability

• Spandex: Spandex is generally durable and known for its ability to withstand repeated stretching and recovery without losing its integrity. When blended with other fabrics, it enhances the durability of the resulting material, ensuring the garment maintains its shape and elasticity over time.
• Microfiber: Microfiber fabrics are also durable and resistant to wear and tear. The fine fibers used in microfiber are strong and long-lasting, making them suitable for products that require frequent use and washing, such as towels, cleaning cloths, and upholstery.

Texture

• Spandex: The texture of spandex is typically smooth and may not have the same level of softness as microfiber. While it offers excellent elasticity, the fabric’s primary focus is on stretch and fit rather than a luxurious texture.
• Microfiber: Microfiber is known for its incredibly soft and velvety texture. The ultra-fine fibers create a gentle and plush feel against the skin, providing a comfortable and luxurious experience in clothing and various household items.

Breathability

• Spandex: Spandex is not highly breathable due to its tightly woven structure and focus on elasticity. While it may allow some airflow, it may not be the most breathable option, especially when used in tightly fitting garments.
• Microfiber: Microfiber is relatively breathable, thanks to its fine fibers that allow air to circulate more freely. It helps to regulate body temperature and prevent excessive sweating, making it a suitable choice for activewear and lightweight clothing.

Allergies/skin Sensitivity

• Spandex: Some individuals with sensitive skin may experience irritation or allergies when in direct contact with spandex. The synthetic nature of the fabric and the chemicals used in its production can cause skin reactions in certain people.
• Microfiber: Microfiber is generally considered hypoallergenic and safe for sensitive skin. The soft and smooth fibers reduce the risk of skin irritation, making it a preferred choice for towels, bedding, and clothing for individuals with allergies or sensitive skin.

Cost

• Spandex: Spandex is generally more expensive than many other fabrics due to its unique elastic properties and specialized manufacturing process. The production of the polyether-polyurea copolymer used in spandex requires advanced technology, which contributes to its higher cost. As a result, clothing items made entirely from spandex or with a high spandex content may be pricier compared to garments made from other materials.
• Microfiber: Microfiber is relatively more affordable compared to spandex. The materials used in microfiber fabrics, such as polyester and polyamide, are cost-effective and widely available. This makes microfiber a popular choice for a variety of products, including clothing, cleaning cloths, towels, and bedding, as it provides good performance at a reasonable price.

Dyeing and Printing Capabilities

• Spandex: Spandex is receptive to dyeing and printing processes, making it possible to achieve vibrant colors and patterns on spandex fabrics. The elasticity of spandex does not hinder the dyeing process, allowing for uniform and consistent coloration. Printing on spandex is also achievable with the use of appropriate techniques, allowing for intricate designs on stretchy clothing.
• Microfiber: Microfiber fabrics are also capable of holding dyes well, resulting in vibrant and long-lasting colors. The fine fibers in microfiber allow for precise printing, enabling detailed designs and patterns on the fabric. As a result, microfiber clothing and products can exhibit a wide range of colors and intricate prints.

Cleaning and Care

• Spandex: Spandex requires specific care to maintain its elasticity and shape. It is advisable to follow the garment’s care instructions, which often recommend hand washing or gentle machine washing in cold water and avoiding harsh detergents or fabric softeners. Air-drying or using a low heat setting in the dryer is preferred to preserve the fabric’s elasticity and prevent damage.
• Microfiber: Microfiber is relatively easy to clean and care for. The fabric’s fine fibers do not trap dirt, making it easy to shake off dust and debris. For cleaning cloths and towels, it is recommended to machine wash microfiber in warm water with mild detergent. Microfiber products often dry quickly due to their absorbent properties, and they can be used repeatedly without losing their effectiveness.

Environmental Impact

• Spandex: The production of spandex involves the use of energy-intensive processes and chemical treatments. This may lead to environmental concerns, including carbon emissions and water pollution. Additionally, spandex is not biodegradable, and its disposal may contribute to waste accumulation in landfills.
• Microfiber: The environmental impact of microfiber production depends on the specific materials used, but it generally has a more favorable profile compared to spandex. Microfiber made from recycled materials can reduce the strain on natural resources. Additionally, some microfiber fabrics are biodegradable, contributing to more sustainable end-of-life disposal options.

Static Cling

• Spandex: Spandex is not prone to static cling due to its elastic properties and close fit to the body. The fabric’s stretch and recovery capabilities minimize static buildup, providing a comfortable experience for the wearer.
• Microfiber: Microfiber is known to reduce static electricity buildup due to its smooth and soft texture. This property makes it less likely to cause static cling when used in clothing and household products.

Spandex Vs Microfiber: Comparison Table

Aspect	Spandex	Microfiber
Composition	Polyether-polyurea copolymer fabric	Synthetic fabric consisting of ultra-fine fibers
Elasticity	Highly elastic and stretchable	Not inherently elastic, but soft and flexible
Usage	Primarily used in tight-fitting garments, activewear, swimwear, and undergarments	Used in various applications including clothing, cleaning cloths, towels, beddings, and upholstery
Fiber Diameter	Not relevant for spandex	Ultra-fine fibers with diameters generally less than 10 micrometers
Denier Weight	Not relevant for spandex	Under 0.7 D; much finer than silk
Softness	Not particularly soft	Very soft and gentle on the skin
Moisture Management	Provides minimal moisture-wicking properties	Excellent moisture-wicking capabilities
Absorbency	Not absorbent	Highly absorbent
Cleaning Properties	Not relevant for spandex	Exceptional for dusting and cleaning tasks
Applications	Mostly used in stretchy garments and blended with other fabrics for flexibility	Used in clothing, cleaning materials, and various products
Brand Name	Not a brand name, but a generic term for the fabric type	Not a brand name, but a specific type of fabric
Durability	Generally durable and long-lasting	Durable and resistant to wear and tear
Texture	Smooth, but not as soft as microfiber	Very smooth and soft to the touch
Breathability	Provides limited breathability	Offers good breathability
Allergies/Skin Sensitivity	May cause skin irritation in some individuals	Generally hypoallergenic and safe for sensitive skin
Cost	Varies depending on the quality and brand	Generally affordable
Dyeing and Printing Capabilities	Takes dye well and can be easily printed on	Great for vibrant dyeing and printing
Cleaning and Care	Requires proper care to maintain elasticity	Easy to clean and maintain
Environmental Impact	Production process may have environmental concerns	Generally considered eco-friendly
Static Cling	Not prone to static cling	Can reduce static electricity buildup

Frequently Asked Questions

To Recap

The distinct characteristics of spandex and microfiber make them valuable assets in the world of synthetic fabrics.

Spandex’s exceptional elasticity caters to the demand for stretchy, form-fitting garments in various activities, while microfiber’s softness and versatility find utility in clothing, cleaning, and household products.

Understanding their differences, including cost, dyeing capabilities, cleaning methods, and environmental impact, enables consumers to make informed choices based on their specific needs and preferences.

Both fabrics have their unique strengths, and the selection between spandex and microfiber depends on the desired application, comfort, and sustainability factors for a wide range of clothing and textile products.